Manual Instruction Translation Analysis of Downy Package
No.	English	Indonesia	Analysis
1	Pour Downy®	Tambahkan Downy ®	Generalization technique, because the translator used common term or neutral from word “pour” in English into word “tambahkan” in Indonesia
2	in the last rinse water	pada air bilasan terakhir	Literal translation, because the translator used the grammatical construction which matched in both languages.
3	in washing machine dispenser	atau ke dalam mesin cuci	A. Additional translation, because the translator added word “atau” to deliver meaning. B. Reduction translation, because the translator omitted “dispenser”.
4	After rinse, dry as usual	Keringkan setelah bilas seperti biasa	Literal translation, because the translator used the grammatical construction which matched in both languages
5	Hand Wash:	Mencuci dengan tangan:	Additional translation, because the translator added word “dengan” to deliver meaning
6	½ cap for 15-20 pieces of garments	pada pembilasan terakhir , tuang sedikitnya setengah tutup botol Downy® untuk 15-20 potong pakaian	A. Additional translation, because the translator added word “pada pembilasan terakhir , tuang sedikitnya” to deliver meaning B. Literal translation, because the translator used the grammatical construction which matched in both languages on the sentences “½ cap for 15-20 pieces of garments” in English into “setengah tutup botol Downy® untuk 15-20 potong pakaian” in Indonesia
7	Machine Wash:	Mencuci dengan mesin:	Additional translation, because the translator added word “dengan” to deliver meaning
8	1 cap for Full Load (up to 52L water level)	satu tutup penuh untuk seluruh muatan (hingga 52 liter air)	Literal translation, because the translator used the grammatical construction which matched in both language

Source : taken from Downy package

Translation procedures, strategies, and methods

Translation procedures

The translating procedures, as depicted by Nida (1964) are as follow:

I. Technical procedures:

A. analysis of the source and target languages

B. A thorough study of the source language text before making attempts translate it

C. Making judgments of the semantic and syntactic approximations. (pp. 241-45)

  a. In point A :the translator should analyze the source and target language first before translating the source language text because both source language and target language sometimes have different grammatical structure that is should be identified before starting translation project. For example :

·         In English the structure of the sentence is: S-P-O

·         In Turkey the structure of the sentence is: S-O-V

  b. In point B :Having a study through the context of the text before doing translating activity is important that there must be specific criteria that should be brought from the source language to another. For example, culture. The culture itself brings various perceptions that one should know about. It can’t be translated directly by using word-by-word or literal translation, for example to get its own meaning so that the readers from different language or target language are able to understand what is the purpose of the text. In this case the translator could use Modulation technique.

    

        c. In point C :The final step of technical procedure or translation is making judgments of the semantic and syntactic approximation. We know that semantic and syntactic are two elements that have a correlation in constructing the sentence and its meaning. Syntactic has function to change the grammatical structure of the target text in relation to the source text, while Semantics is a branch of linguistics which studies about meaning.  However, there is no completely exact translation between any two languages and as Dr. Miremadi (1991) quoted Werner (1961), the degree of approximation between two language systems determines the effectiveness of the translation.

II Organizational procedure

The organizational procedures involve the general organization of such work, whether in terms of a single translator or, as is true in many instances, of a committee. The technical procedures apply to any and all types of translating, but there are different types of procedural problems (ibid, p.245).

constant reevaluation of the attempt made; contrasting it with the existing available translations of the same text done by other translators, and checking the text's communicative effectiveness by asking the target language readers to evaluate its accuracy and effectiveness and studying their reactions (pp. 246-47).

source : http://translationjournal.net/journal/41culture.htm

ASSIGNMENT 2

TRANSLATION TECHNIQUE ANALYSIS

English translation	Indonesian translation
1.    The first Indonesian youth congress was held in Batavia	Kongres Pemuda Indonesia pertama yang diadakan di Batavia
2.    capital of the then-Dutch East Indies in 1926	ibukota Hindia-Belanda pada tahun 1926
3.    but produced no formal decisions but did promote the idea of a united Indonesia.	Kongres ini tidak menghasilkan keputusan resmi tetapi hanya mempromosikan ide negara kesatuan Republik Indonesia
4.    In October 1928, the second   Indonesian youth congress was held at three different locations	Dua tahun kemudian tepatnya pada bulan Oktober 1928, diadakanlah kongres pemuda Indonesia kedua yang dilaksanakan di tiga lokasi yang berbeda
5.    In the first session, the hope was expressed that the congress would inspire the feeling of unity. The second session saw discussions about educational issues.	Pada sesi pertama, terungkaplah harapan bahwa kongres itu sebaiknya menginspirasi rasa persatuan. Pada sesi kedua diadakan diskusi tentang isu-isu pendidikan
6.    In the third and final session, held at Jalan Kramat Raya No, 126, on October 28.	sedangkan pada sesi ketiga dan sebagai sesi terakhir, yang diadakan di Jalan Kramat Raya No, 126, pada tanggal 28 Oktober,
7.    participants heard the future   Indonesian national anthem Indonesia Raya	semua peserta mendengarkan lagu kebangsaan Indonesia “Indonesia Raya”, lagu kebangsaan masa depan Indonesia pada saat
8.    by Wage Rudolf Supratman	yang diciptakan oleh Wage Rudolf Supratman
9.    The congress closed with a reading of the youth pledge.	Kongres ditutup dengan pembacaan Sumpah Pemuda.
10.  Youth Pledge Firstly We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one motherland, Indonesia.	Sumpah Pemuda Pertama Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mengakoe bertoempah darah jang satoe, tanah air Indonesia.
11.  Secondly We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, acknowledge one nation, the nation of Indonesia.	Kedoea Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mengakoe berbangsa jang satoe, bangsa Indonesia.
12.  Thirdly We the sons and daughters of Indonesia, uphold the language of unity, Indonesian.	Ketiga Kami poetera dan poeteri Indonesia, mendjoendjoeng bahasa persatoean, bahasa Indonesia

Analysis :

     1.      There are three translation techniques used in number one. Those are :

·         Borrowing technique in the words “kongres” and “Batavia” after being translated into Indonesian language. It is because the translator directly took the word from another language without any alteration.

·         Addition technique in the word “yang” that the word “yang” is an additional word that is appeared after being translated by the translator. That’s way it is called as addition technique

     2.      There is one translation techniques used in number one. It is :

·         Borrowing technique in the word “Hindia” after being translated into Indonesian language. It is because the translator directly took the word from another language without any alteration.

     3.      There is one translation technique used in number 3. It is :

·         Addition technique in the word “kongres ini” and “hanya” that the word “kongres ini” and “hanya” are the additional words that are appeared after being translated by the translator. That’s way those are called as addition technique

    4.      There are two translation techniques used in number 4. Those are :

·         Addition technique in the word “dua tahun kemudian tepatnya” and “yang” that the word “dua tahun kemudian tepatnya” and “yang” are the additional words that is appeared after being translated by the translator. That’s way those are called as addition technique

·         Borrowing technique in the word “Oktober” and “lokasi” after being translated into Indonesian language. It is because the translator directly took the word from another language without any alteration.

    5.      There are two translation techniques used in number 5. Those are :

·         Borrowing technique in the word “sesi” and “isu” after being translated into Indonesian language. It is because the translator directly took the word from another language without any alteration.

·         Modulation technique in the word “sebaiknya” and “diadakan”. I think those words belong to modulation technique because the translator translated the word culturally for the reader from particular palace or culture so that they can get the meaning easily.

    6.      There are two types of translation method in number 6. Those are :

·         Addition technique in the word “sedangkan” and “sebagai” that those words are the additional words that is appeared after being translated by the translator. That’s way it is called as addition technique

·         Borrowing technique in the word “Jalan Kramat Raya No, 126” and “oktober” after being translated into Indonesian language. It is because the translator directly took the word from another language without any alteration.

    7.      There are two translation techniques used in number 7. Those are :

·         Addition technique in the word “semua” that the word “semua” is the additional word that is appeared after being translated by the translator. That’s way it is called as addition technique

·         Reduction technique that happens in the word “future”. The translator might feel that the meaning of the text that is translated in Indonesian language is already good without translating the word “future” to Indonesian language.

    8.      There are two translation techniques used in number 8. Those are :

·         Addition technique in the word “yang diciptakan” that the phrase “yang diciptakan” is the additional phrase that is appeared after being translated by the translator. That’s way it is called as addition technique

·         Borrowing technique in the word Wage Rudolf Supratman. It goes without saying that Wage Rudolf Supratman is the name of person so that it should be translated as same as what’s written in the text.

    9.      The translation technique used in number 9 is literal technique because the translator used word by word technique, but it is arranged based on the grammatical structure of the TSa.

   10.  The translation technique used in number 10 is literal technique because the translator used word by word technique, but it is arranged based on the grammatical structure of the TSa.

   11.  The translation technique used in number 11 is literal technique because the translator used word by word technique, but it is arranged based on the grammatical structure of the TSa.

   12.  The translation technique used in number 12 is literal technique because the translator used word by word technique, but it is arranged based on the grammatical structure of the TSa.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Youth_Pledge

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